一 | 8月26日消息，前微软工程师Dave Plummer近日揭秘了Windows XP时代最著名的盗版密钥FCKGW-RHQQ2-YXRKT-8TG6W-2B7Q8的真实来源，这串字符并非黑客破解生成，而是一把泄露的企业批量授权密钥。 CARACAS, Venezuela -- Frightened by unprecedented violence on the streets and within prisons, Ecuadorians have a universal demand for the president they will choose Sunday — safety.The runoff election in the South American country pits an heir to a banana empire, Daniel Noboa, and an attorney, Luisa González. Both have limited governing experience and will undoubtedly have their work cut out.The election comes as more Ecuadorians become victims of drug-related violence that erupted roughly three years ago and intensified in August, when a presidential candidate was assassinated in broad daylight. People continuously watch their backs and limit how often they leave home. The uneasiness even pushed Noboa to add a bulletproof vest to his daily outfit.Whoever wins with a simple majority of votes will govern for only 15 months, until May 2025, which is what remains of the presidency of Guillermo Lasso. He cut his term short when he dissolved the country’s National Assembly in May as lawmakers carried out impeachment proceedings against him over alleged improprieties in a contract by a state-owned company.Lasso, a conservative former banker, clashed constantly with lawmakers after his election in 2021 and decided not to run in the special election. Under Lasso's watch, violent deaths soared, reaching 4,600 in 2022, the country’s highest in history and double the total in 2021. The National Police tallied 3,568 violent deaths in the first half of 2023.“Security affects us all, and whether poor or rich, no one is safe from criminals anymore,” housewife Ximena Flores said ahead of the runoff election. “Do you think that a new president will be able to do something in such a short time? I think not. It will be a new disappointment for everyone.”The spike in violence is tied to cocaine trafficking. Mexican, Colombian and Balkan cartels have set roots in Ecuador and operate with assistance from local criminal gangs.Voting is mandatory in Ecuador for people ages 18 through 64. Those who don’t comply face a fine of about $45. Polls were to close in late afternoon, and results were expected Sunday evening.Noboa and González, both of whom have served short stints as lawmakers, advanced to the runoff by finishing ahead of six other candidates in the election’s first round Aug. 22.Noboa, 35, is an heir to a fortune built on Ecuador’s main crop, bananas. His political career began in 2021, when he won a seat in the National Assembly and chaired its Economic Development Commission. He opened an event organizing company when he was 18 and then joined his father’s Noboa Corp., where he held management positions in the shipping, logistics and commercial areas.González, 45, held various government jobs during the decade-long presidency of Rafael Correa, her mentor, and was a lawmaker until May. She was unknown to most voters until Correa’s party picked her as its presidential candidate. At the start of the campaign, she said Correa would be her adviser, but she has recently tried to distance herself a bit in an effort to court voters who oppose the former president.___Associated Press writer Gonzalo Solano in Quito, Ecuador, contributed to this report.。 Windows XP是首款引入产品激活校验技术（WPA）的Windows系统，在此之前，用户安装系统只需输入产品密钥即可完成激活，没有额外校验。 WPA则在产品密钥基础上增加了硬件ID校验，安装时系统会生成一个基于主板、CPU、硬盘等硬件信息的硬件ID，将硬件ID与产品密钥一起发送到微软服务器验证。 如果密钥在另一台硬件配置不同的电脑上使用，就会被标记为盗版，这套机制有效阻止了单个零售密钥在多台电脑上重复使用。
二 | 但微软同时为企业客户提供了另一套激活通道：批量授权密钥（VLK），毕竟拥有数千台电脑的企业不可能逐台输入密钥走激活流程，VLK允许企业跳过WPA的硬件校验环节直接批量激活。 微软信任购买了批量授权协议的企业不会将这些密钥外泄，因此VLK在设计上没有绑定硬件校验，而正是这一信任成为了整个事件的突破口。 Plummer表示，微软当时对企业客户的信任是激活设计中的关键假设，而这一假设被证明过于乐观。 FCKGW这把密钥就是一把合法的企业VLK，某家企业的批量授权密钥流出后，有人将其与企业版安装镜像搭配使用，这串密钥随后在互联网上迅速传播，出现在无数刻录CD和预激活版Windows XP安装包中。 对于整整一代PC用户来说，FCKGW就是Windows XP密钥的代名词，甚至很多人不知道这串字符代表什么，只知道装系统时输入它就能用。 Windows XP于2001年8月24日交付OEM制造，距今已25年，微软当时对待盗版的态度与今天也是截然不同。 2000年代初Windows是微软的现金牛，Office等产品的销售也依赖Windows的装机量，打击盗版直接关系到营收。 如今微软对Windows 11的盗版态度已大幅放宽，更关心的是用户是否留在Windows生态中，而非是否付费购买系统本身，激活工具在自家GitHub上就能搜到。
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